A gender crime is a hate crime committed against a specific gender. Specific gender crimes may include some instances of rape, genital mutilation, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy. Often purported gender crimes are committed during armed conflict or during times of political upheaval or instability. Some examples of these conflicts include the Yugoslavian Civil War and the Rwandan genocide. Gender crime is not universally recognized as a category of hate crime but is increasingly being included in the United States as a category in state and federal hate crime laws. Internationally most gender crimes committed during times of war are recognized as war crimes as set forth by the Fourth Geneva Convention.